From April 2025 through March 2026, almost two-thirds of Armenia’s electricity consumption came from low-carbon sources, while just over a third came from fossil fuels—all of it gas. Nuclear supplied almost 30% of electricity, hydropower about a quarter, and solar nearly 8%. Together, these clean sources accounted for roughly 62%, giving Armenia a strong low-carbon foundation, although gas still supplied a substantial 38%. Expanding clean electricity would help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and their contributions to climate change and air pollution.

Is Electricity Growing in Armenia?

Armenia’s latest figures do not show electricity consumption growing beyond its previous peak. The 2026 figure was about 3,400 kWh per person, roughly 120 kWh—or 3%—below the record of about 3,520 kWh set in 2024. Low-carbon electricity generation also fell short of its record: approximately 2,120 kWh per person, down about 145 kWh—or 6%—from 2024. These shortfalls are concerning, particularly because clean electricity needs to grow to support electrification and future demand, including from AI. However, comparison with a historic record alone does not establish whether consumption increased or decreased from the immediately preceding year.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Armenia should expand its existing nuclear generation base and accelerate solar deployment. Slovakia, where nuclear supplies about two-thirds of electricity, and Bulgaria and Czechia, with nuclear shares of about 41%, offer relevant examples of substantial nuclear contributions. France’s roughly 67% nuclear share provides another strong benchmark. For solar, Armenia can learn from nearby Turkey’s wider clean-electricity development and, more directly, from regional solar leaders such as Cyprus, where solar supplies about 23%, and Bulgaria, at about 19%. The US state of Nevada generates about 35% of its electricity from solar, illustrating the technology’s potential at scale. Wind could also complement Armenia’s nuclear, hydro, and solar generation where local conditions are suitable, with Turkey’s approximately 12% wind share offering a nearby reference.

History

Armenia’s low-carbon electricity history has featured substantial gains alongside disappointing reversals. In the early 1990s, hydropower generation rose by 1.5 TWh in 1992 and 1.2 TWh in 1993, before falling by 0.8 TWh in 1994 and 1.6 TWh in 1995. Nuclear generation then surged by 2 TWh in 1996; a 0.7 TWh setback in 1997 interrupted that progress, followed by gains of 0.5 TWh in both 1999 and 2005. Hydropower added 0.7 TWh in 2002 and 0.5 TWh in 2010. Nuclear declines of 0.4 TWh in 2016, 0.5 TWh in 2018, and 0.7 TWh in 2021 were serious setbacks for clean-electricity growth, despite a 0.4 TWh increase in 2020. The strong 2022 recovery—1 TWh more nuclear electricity and 0.6 TWh more hydropower—was encouraging. Hydropower fluctuated around that recovery, falling by 0.6 TWh in 2020, rising by 0.4 TWh in 2021, declining by 0.5 TWh in 2023, and rebounding by 0.4 TWh in 2024. The priority should be to turn these intermittent gains into sustained growth in clean electricity.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Apr 2025 – Mar 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.