In Belgium, the current state of electricity consumption shows a mix of sources with varying shares. Low-carbon energy accounts for more than half of the electricity consumption, standing at approximately 56%. Within this, nuclear energy contributes around 20%, wind energy a little under 18%, and solar energy close to 13.5%. Biofuels and hydropower contribute smaller portions at about 4% and 1%, respectively. Fossil fuels make up a little more than a fifth of the electricity mix, with gas being the major fossil energy source, providing approximately 18%, while coal accounts for around 2.4%. Additionally, net imports contribute about 22% to the country's electricity consumption over the twelve months extending from June 2025 through May 2026.

Is Electricity Growing in Belgium?

The trajectory of electricity consumption in Belgium presents a concerning picture. Recent data indicate that electricity usage per person has decreased significantly since its historical peak in 2006, which saw consumption at 9,079 kWh per person. In 2026, the figure has dropped to 6,732 kWh per person—an alarming reduction. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity has seen a decline. The latest data show a per capita output of 3,786 kWh, a downturn from the 6,094 kWh per person achieved in 2021. This dual decline is disheartening as there is a critical need to ramp up electricity usage, especially from clean sources, to support future electrification, improve environmental outcomes, and cater to the growing demand fueled by technological advancements such as artificial intelligence.

Suggestions

To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Belgium can focus on expanding its nuclear, wind, and solar capacity. Given the substantial contribution of these clean energy sources, there is a clear opportunity for growth by following the model of certain successful regions. Countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power constitutes over 60% of electricity, serve as examples for Belgium to potentially enhance its nuclear infrastructure. For wind energy, Belgium can look to Denmark, where wind comprises 60% of the electricity mix, for insights into expanding and optimizing wind power. Furthermore, solar energy insights could be drawn from regions like Nevada and California, with significant output from solar power, showcasing the potential for solar expansion in Belgium. By drawing from these examples, Belgium has the opportunity to create a more resilient and sustainable low-carbon electricity system.

History

Belgium's history of low-carbon electricity generation has seen a mix of advancements and setbacks, particularly in nuclear energy. The late 20th century witnessed significant growth, with the 1970s and 1980s marking substantial increases in nuclear electricity generation. However, more recent decades, particularly after 2012, have seen a concerning trend of declines in nuclear output, with marked reductions in several years including 2012, 2018, and 2022. Despite intermittent increases, such as in 2016 and 2021, the overall trend suggests a lack of consistent advancement in nuclear capacity, which is concerning for the future sustainability of Belgium's energy supply. Moreover, wind energy showed a positive note with additional capacity in 2023. There is an imperative need for Belgium to revitalize its commitment to low-carbon electricity, focusing on strategic expansions and investments in proven low-carbon technologies like nuclear and solar, to meet future energy demands sustainably.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Jun 2025 – May 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.