Currently, almost 70% of Equatorial Guinea's electricity consumption is dominated by fossil fuels, with gas comprising the majority of this sector. In contrast, low-carbon energy sources account for approximately 31% of electricity consumption, with hydropower being the sole contributor in this category. This balance highlights a significant reliance on gas, which raises concerns about environmental impacts like climate change and air pollution associated with fossil fuels. On the other hand, the 31% share of clean energy underlines an opportunity for the nation to explore additional low-carbon energy sources and enhance its energy mix toward more sustainable options.

Is Electricity Growing in Equatorial Guinea?

Electricity consumption per person in Equatorial Guinea is experiencing noteworthy changes. As of 2023, the total electricity consumption stands at 850 kWh per person, which is a substantial decrease from the peak of 1,209 kWh per person recorded in 2014. This decline in consumption reflects a significant drop of 359 kWh per person over the period. Similarly, low-carbon electricity production has also experienced a downturn, with current levels at 265 kWh per person compared to the previous high of 390 kWh per person in 2015. This reduction of 125 kWh per person in low-carbon generation emphasizes the need for revitalization and expansion of clean energy capabilities to cater to both current and future energy demands.

Suggestions

To boost its share of low-carbon electricity generation, Equatorial Guinea can take inspiration from several regions that have successfully harnessed various green energy technologies. Investing in solar energy, as seen in states like Nevada and countries like Chile and Spain, which generate over 20% of their electricity from solar, can diversify and increase the nation's clean energy portfolio. Additionally, nuclear energy presents a viable option, with countries such as France and Slovakia demonstrating the capability to produce more than 60% of their electricity through nuclear power. Leveraging insights from these regions, Equatorial Guinea could establish a more resilient and environmentally friendly electricity infrastructure, paving the way for economic growth and sustainable development.

History

Equatorial Guinea’s history with low-carbon electricity generation, particularly hydropower, has shown varied progress over the years. The nation experienced nearly two decades of stagnation from the early 1990s until 2010, with no increases in hydropower generation. Between 2012 and 2015, there was a promising phase with consistent growth, adding an increment of up to 0.2 TWh annually, reflecting a positive shift towards greener energy. However, this progress faced minor setbacks from 2016 onwards, with some years witnessing slight declines in output. In recent years, from 2020 onwards, the hydropower generation has remained unchanged, underlining an urgent need for revitalization and further investments in clean energy initiatives to ensure a sustainable and robust energy future for the nation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade