In 2025, Estonia's electricity consumption shows a noteworthy division between different sources of energy. More than two-fifths (about 43%) of the electricity consumed in Estonia comes from low-carbon sources, with wind, biofuels, and solar energy all contributing significantly. Wind energy stands as the largest contributor among low-carbon energy sources, generating almost 16% of the total electricity. Both biofuels and solar energy provide nearly equal shares of the electricity mix, each contributing around 13.5%. Meanwhile, fossil fuels still persist, comprising slightly more than one-fifth of the total electricity consumption. A significant portion of Estonia's electricity consumption is also met by net imports, contributing just over 36% of the total. The mix demonstrates Estonia's commitment towards cleaner energy sources, though there is still a considerable reliance on imported and fossil fuel-based electricity that requires attention.
Data sources used on this page include Energy Institute, ENTSOE, Eurostat and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Estonia?
The current per capita electricity consumption in Estonia is approximately 6,040 kWh in 2025, notably lower than the peak of 11,690 kWh per person witnessed in 1986, marking a reduction of 5,650 kWh per person from the historic high. Despite this overall decline in electricity usage, there is an encouraging trend in the adoption of low-carbon electricity. The latest data indicate an increase in low-carbon electricity generation to 2,620 kWh per person, surpassing the previous record set in 2024 by 225 kWh per person. This upward trend in low-carbon generation signals a positive shift towards cleaner energy, although the overall decline in electricity consumption requires careful consideration as Estonia transitions to a more sustainable energy system that can support future demand, including the electrification of sectors and the growth of AI technologies.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Estonia should continue to expand its existing wind and solar infrastructure. The success of regions with high low-carbon electricity generation can provide valuable lessons. For instance, Denmark's achievement of generating 60% of its electricity from wind energy highlights a determined path that Estonia might follow, given the similar geographical and wind resource potentials. Additionally, nuclear energy offers a substantial opportunity for clean electricity. Learning from countries like France and Slovakia, which generate more than 65% of their electricity from nuclear power, Estonia could consider exploring nuclear energy as a supplementary clean option to diversify its low-carbon portfolio further. Emulating these models will help Estonia reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and net imports, fostering a cleaner, more self-sufficient electricity system.
History
In the history of Estonia's low-carbon electricity journey, particularly in the 21st century, biofuels have consistently played a small but important role, experiencing various fluctuations between small increases and minor setbacks. Starting in 2009, increments in biofuel electricity generation were noted, especially between 2009 and 2012. However, in 2013, a decline occurred, followed by gradual increases until 2020. In parallel, wind and solar energy began to make their mark around 2016 and beyond, with both sources showing visible growth, especially in 2024 and 2025 when each saw notable increases. This steady increase in solar and wind points towards an effective adoption and integration into Estonia’s electricity mix, presenting a promising trend for continued focus and expansion in these areas. This historical data underlines the importance of a persistent commitment to fostering and scaling up new green energy technologies.
