In 2025, Italy's electricity consumption reveals an interesting balance between various energy sources. Fossil fuels still hold a significant portion, contributing more than 43% to the electricity mix, primarily through gas at nearly 38%. Despite this fossil presence, Italy is making strides toward cleaner energy, with low-carbon sources—comprising solar, hydropower, wind, and some biofuels—accounting for more than 40% of electricity generation. Solar energy plays a significant role, contributing almost 14%, closely followed by hydropower at over 13%. Wind energy contributes nearly 7%, while biofuels and geothermal together make up about 7%. Additionally, net imports account for nearly 16% of Italy's electricity mix, highlighting a reliance on external sources in meeting electricity demand.
Data sources used on this page include ENTSOE, Eurostat, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Italy?
However, growth in electricity consumption appears to be stagnant in Italy. In 2025, the per capita electricity consumption is 5368 kWh, a noticeable decrease from the peak of 6112 kWh per capita back in 2006. This reduction in electricity use suggests that Italy has not yet fully recovered or surpassed its previous demands. Furthermore, low-carbon electricity generation per person has slightly declined from the previous year, indicating a need for renewed focus and strategies to revamp the growth of clean energy. As electricity consumption and generation efficiency are vital for sustainable growth and development, Italy must seek ways to counter these negative trends and embrace the potential of low-carbon sources.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Italy should focus on expanding solar power, which is already a significant player in its energy landscape. Italy can draw inspiration from regions excelling in both solar and nuclear energy. For solar, learning from California and Lebanon, where solar makes up 31% of electricity generation, could be beneficial. Additionally, Italy should consider the potential of nuclear energy, taking cues from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power contributes more than half of the electricity generated. Regions like Denmark, with 60% of electricity from wind, provide further examples of successful low-carbon strategies. By investing in solar and considering nuclear energy expansion, Italy can significantly increase its clean electricity output, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and securing a sustainable energy future.
History
Historical patterns of low-carbon electricity generation in Italy show distinct changes and shifts, particularly concerning hydropower and solar energy, and a critical decline in nuclear. Since the late 1970s, Italy has experienced fluctuations in hydroelectric output, with periods of growth and reductions, such as significant declines in the early 2000s and an unfortunate spike in reductions around 2022. In the following years, there's been an essential revival of hydropower, seen most notably in 2024. Regarding solar power, Italy made substantial advances in the early 2010s, rapidly expanding its share in the energy mix, which has continued with notable increases into 2025. The decline in nuclear electricity generation in the late 1980s is unfortunate as nuclear is a critical part of a modern low-carbon energy grid, and this history serves as a reminder of the need to promote sustainable and resilient low-carbon infrastructure across Italy. By expanding solar, considering nuclear, and learning from successful regions, Italy can ensure a robust and green energy future.
