In 2023, Mali's electricity consumption is notable for its reliance on fossil fuels and low-carbon sources such as hydropower. Fossil fuel generation accounted for approximately 2.5 TWh of electricity, while low-carbon sources contributed around 1.86 TWh, with hydropower making up a significant portion of this at 1.64 TWh. This indicates that more than half of Mali's electricity comes from fossil fuels. However, when compared to the global average of 3,781 kWh/person, Mali's electricity generation per person of 193 kWh falls substantially short. This low level of electricity generation can limit socioeconomic development, restricting access to modern amenities and technologies, and hampers efforts to improve living standards, education, and healthcare across the nation.
Is Electricity Growing in Mali?
In terms of electricity growth, Mali has experienced a slight decline. In 2023, electricity consumption decreased to 193 kWh/person from a previous peak of 200 kWh/person in 2022, marking a negative change of 7 kWh/person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation also saw a reduction, falling to 78 kWh/person from its high of 82 kWh/person in 2016, representing a drop of 4 kWh/person. These declines are concerning as they highlight challenges in expanding electricity generation and increasing access to clean energy resources which is essential for sustainable development.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Mali could look to other regions for inspiration. Countries like China and India have achieved significant strides in solar energy, generating 1,025 TWh and 154 TWh, respectively, which Mali could emulate given its similar sunny climate. Additionally, nuclear energy should be considered, drawing lessons from France and the United States, both of which have robust nuclear power sectors generating hundreds of TWh annually. By investing in solar and nuclear energy, Mali can enhance its energy independence, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and ultimately expand its clean electricity capacity to support development goals and environmental sustainability.
History
In reflecting on the history of low-carbon electricity in Mali, we observe fluctuations primarily in hydropower generation over the years. Around the early 2000s, biofuels added slightly to energy generation alongside modest hydro increments. Between 2005 and 2016, hydroelectricity saw various growth spurts, particularly with notable increases in 2010 and 2016. However, intermittent declines occurred as well, such as in 2013 and 2015. The introduction of solar energy in 2020 marked a new beginning for low-carbon sources in the country. While these changes hold promise, they emphasize the necessity of establishing a more consistent and expanded approach towards clean energy to counteract the limitations in fossil fuel dependence and effectively leverage sustainable resources.