In Mongolia, the current state of electricity consumption indicates a significant reliance on fossil fuels, specifically coal, which accounts for more than 90% of the electricity generated from May 2025 to April 2026. During this period, low-carbon sources, primarily wind energy, contributed just over 8% of the total electricity. The use of low-carbon energy is considerably low, especially when compared to the overwhelming dominance of coal in the national grid. This highlights Mongolia's challenge in transitioning to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity generation mix.

Is Electricity Growing in Mongolia?

The trend in electricity consumption in Mongolia does not show growth; in fact, there has been a decline. In 2026, the total electricity consumption per person stood at around 2800 kWh, a decrease of approximately 230 kWh per person from the historic peak in 2024. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation has also seen a reduction, with the latest figures showing 230 kWh per person, down by roughly 20 kWh from its own record in 2021. This stagnation and decline in both overall and clean electricity consumption is concerning, especially considering the anticipated future demand due to electrification and technological advancements.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Mongolia can look towards regions successfully implementing wind and nuclear energy. For inspiration, Denmark and Iowa stand out with significant portions of their electricity coming from wind power, at 60% and 57%, respectively. These examples underline the potential for Mongolia to expand its wind energy capabilities by capitalizing on its vast open spaces and favorable wind conditions. Additionally, investment in nuclear energy can also be a viable option, following the successful models of countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power constitutes around 65% of the electricity mix. Integrating more solar energy, similar to Nevada's 34% share from solar, would further diversify and strengthen Mongolia's low-carbon electricity generation, providing cleaner, more sustainable electricity for its future needs.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity in Mongolia reflects sporadic and minor advancements. Starting in the early 2010s, wind energy began contributing in small, incremental amounts, with slight increases noted in 2013, 2014, and especially in 2025. Solar energy also made a minimal debut in 2017 and saw a negligible contribution in 2019 and 2021. However, periods of stagnation and minor declines, particularly in 2022 when a reduction in wind energy was recorded, underscore a need for more consistent investment and action. The largely stagnant past with no significant developments in hydroelectric power or substantial growth in other low-carbon fields is indicative of missed opportunities. Mongolia must now look to substantially increase its low-carbon electricity generation, to not only meet domestic needs but also to contribute to a global reduction in fossil fuel dependence.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (May 2025 – Apr 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.