Montenegro's electricity consumption in 2025 demonstrates a diverse energy mix. A little under half of the electricity consumed is generated from low-carbon sources, with hydropower contributing a substantial 39%. Wind energy and solar energy make up smaller portions, at just over 8% and a little above 2% respectively. Notably, more than a third of the electricity is imported, indicating reliance on external sources. Fossil fuels, represented solely by coal, account for just over 14% of the consumption. The utilization of clean energy sources aligns with global efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, a driver of climate change and air pollution. However, the relatively high percentage of net imports highlights a potential vulnerability in the energy system that could be mitigated by increasing internal low-carbon generation.
Data sources used on this page include Ember, ENTSOE, Eurostat and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Montenegro?
Despite the use of clean energy sources, Montenegro's overall electricity consumption per capita in 2025 has decreased from its peak in 2006. Current consumption stands at 5817 kWh per person, a drop of almost 1800 kWh from the previous high. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation per capita is notably lower, with a decrease of nearly 1500 kWh from the 2010 peak. These declines raise concerns about Montenegro's ability to sustain and increase its electricity supply to support future economic growth and developments in technology. A focus on boosting internal, sustainable electricity generation could help reverse this trend and secure a stable energy future.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Montenegro can draw inspiration from successful examples around the world. As solar energy plays a minor role in Montenegro's energy mix, looking to regions like Nevada and California, where solar contributes around a third of their electricity, could provide valuable insights into scaling solar power. Additionally, the adoption of nuclear energy, which is significantly utilized in countries like France and Slovakia, could offer a reliable, green energy source to diversify and strengthen Montenegro's energy portfolio. By investing in these scalable and sustainable energy types, Montenegro can enhance its low-carbon electricity supply, reduce reliance on imports, and mitigate the detrimental effects of fossil fuels. This shift would align Montenegro with global efforts to fight climate change and pave the way for a more resilient energy system.
History
Reflecting on its historical journey with low-carbon electricity, Montenegro's reliance on hydropower has seen fluctuations over the years. From 2007 to 2025, hydroelectric generation has displayed significant variations, such as in 2011, which saw a notable decline of 1.5 TWh, followed by periods of recovery with notable increases, including a 1 TWh boost in 2013. The latter half of this timeline indicates continued volatility with gains and losses almost yearly, ending with a slight decline in 2025. Wind energy began to make an impact in 2019 with a minor addition, suggesting potential for further development. This historical overview underscores the need for Montenegro to stabilize and expand its low-carbon electricity generation, using the stable output of technologies like nuclear and solar to counteract these fluctuations and achieve energy security.
