From July 2025 to June 2026, Montenegro's electricity landscape has been predominantly powered by low-carbon sources, accounting for a bit more than 64% of the total electricity generation. Hydropower plays a significant role, providing over half of the country's electricity with 52%. Meanwhile, wind and solar contribute around 9% and 4% respectively, marking a clear inclination toward sustainable sources. In contrast, fossil energy comprises slightly over a fifth of the electricity production, with coal being the sole contributor in this category. Net imports make up about 14% of Montenegro’s electricity, indicating a dependency that could potentially be reduced through local generation.

Is Electricity Growing in Montenegro?

Despite this reliance on clean energy, Montenegro's overall electricity consumption seems to be on a downward trend. The latest data indicates an electricity usage of 5547 kWh per person for 2026, considerably lower than the peak of 7612 kWh per person recorded in 2006. Specifically for low-carbon electricity, the current generation stands at 3571 kWh per person, a decline from the 4351 kWh per person peak in 2010. Such reductions in both total and low-carbon electricity usage can be alarming, especially considering the future energy needs linked to further electrification and technological advancements.

Suggestions

To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Montenegro could draw lessons from regions with significant achievements in this area. Nuclear powerhouses like France and Slovakia, providing more than 60% of their electricity from nuclear energy, serve as exemplary models. Embracing solar energy can also be pivotal; regions like Nevada and California generate around 30% of their electricity from solar alone. Expanding Montenegro’s investment in solar and potentially exploring nuclear energy not only aligns with global trends of cutting emissions but also fortifies the country's energy independence and stability. Such measures are vital to sustaining Montenegro’s progress toward a greener energy future and mitigating the adverse effects of fossil fuels.

History

Reflecting on the historical trends, Montenegro's experience with hydropower reveals a fluctuating trajectory since the late 2000s. The period saw brief periods of significant growth, notably in 2009 and 2013, counterbalanced by years of decline, such as in 2011 and 2014. The pattern of gains and losses indicates a need for strategic improvements and enhancements in the hydropower infrastructure. As the nation looks to enhance its clean electricity output, maintaining consistency in hydropower generation alongside investments in solar is imperative. This steady progression is essential to support Montenegro’s overarching goals for sustainable energy development.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Jul 2025 – Jun 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.