New Zealand stands out as a leader in clean electricity generation, with more than 87% of its electricity derived from low-carbon sources. From September 2024 to August 2025, hydropower supplied over half of the country's electricity, while geothermal energy accounted for just over a fifth, showcasing the island's commitment to harnessing its natural resources. Wind energy also contributed nearly 9%, indicating a balanced mix of clean energy technologies. However, the nation still relies on fossil fuels for around 13% of its electricity, with the majority being sourced from gas and a smaller fraction from coal. Although New Zealand excels in clean energy generation, it faces the significant challenge of electrifying sectors such as transportation, heating, and industry, which will demand a further increase in electricity production.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in New Zealand?
When examining trends in electricity consumption, New Zealand’s figures illustrate a decline. The recent total electricity consumption per person is approximately 8,070 kWh, which shows a decrease from the record high of 10,450 kWh in 2004, marking a drop of about 23%. Similarly, low-carbon electricity consumption per person has fallen from the peak of 8,229 kWh in 1995 to 7,028 kWh, a reduction exceeding 14%. This downward trend in electricity use and especially clean electricity is concerning, given the essential role of low-carbon energy in combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.
Suggestions
To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, New Zealand could focus on further expanding its solar and nuclear capabilities. By investing in solar power, the nation can take advantage of its vast land and sunny regions to generate clean energy throughout the year. Additionally, incorporating nuclear energy offers a reliable and consistent power source, complementing existing hydro and geothermal systems. Accelerating the growth of these technologies is crucial not only for maintaining New Zealand’s clean energy leadership but also for meeting future electricity demand as the country seeks to electrify transportation, heating, and industrial processes. A robust clean electricity infrastructure will ensure energy security and support a low-carbon future.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity generation in New Zealand has seen significant shifts, particularly in hydropower production. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed notable fluctuations, with increases seen in 1975, 1979, 1983, and 1986, often followed by drops, as occurred in 1976 and 1992. The 1990s began with dramatic shifts, including a rise in 1993 and a subsequent fall in 1997, mirroring the erratic nature of hydropower availability. The early 2000s showcased significant growth, particularly in 2002 and 2004, but setbacks followed in 2005. Recent years, such as 2022, highlighted efforts to stabilize this energy source, though challenges like a decline in 2024 persist. These trends signal the necessity for diversification and expansion into solar and nuclear to buffer against hydro variability and to propel clean energy growth.
