In 2023, Turkmenistan's electricity consumption is overwhelmingly dominated by fossil fuels, with nearly all electricity, specifically 99.97%, being generated from gas. This indicates a significant reliance on fossil-based sources for electricity needs, with low-carbon alternatives contributing close to none. The lack of diversification in electricity sources towards environmentally sustainable energy is stark, pointing to a substantial gap in the integration of clean energy solutions in the country's energy portfolio.

Is Electricity Growing in Turkmenistan?

Despite an overall increase in electricity consumption, with the latest per capita consumption reaching 4588 kWh/person, up from the previous record of 4509 kWh/person in 2022, the growth in low-carbon electricity is concerningly absent. The latest figures show a dramatic decline in low-carbon electricity consumption to just 1 kWh/person, a stark contrast to the peak of 186 kWh/person back in 1990. These figures highlight a regression rather than progression towards sustainable energy practices, underscoring a pressing need for reform and innovation.

Suggestions

For Turkmenistan to enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, it can look towards successful regions like France and Slovakia, where over two-thirds of electricity comes from nuclear energy, demonstrating nuclear as a potent source for consistent, large-scale clean electricity. Regions like Nevada and California have capitalized on solar energy, contributing about 35% and 31% respectively, showcasing solar energy's viability even in areas with challenges akin to Turkmenistan. By investing in both nuclear and solar technology, Turkmenistan could significantly improve its footprint in sustainable energy, addressing climate change and health concerns from air pollution caused by an over-reliance on fossil fuels.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity in Turkmenistan, based on available data, shows a limited and static progression. The early 1990s experienced a minimal rise with a brief peak in 1990 through hydropower, followed by a return to stagnation with no significant change afterwards. The vast span from 1991 to 2023 shows no new growth in low-carbon electricity generation, signaling missed opportunities to leverage and expand on initial efforts in hydropower. This trend highlights an urgent need for strategic advancements in sustainable energy policy, deviating from the stagnation to rejuvenate Turkmenistan’s commitment to developing a greener economy.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade