Senegal's electricity consumption in 2023 predominantly relies on fossil fuels, with more than three-quarters of its electricity sourced from these non-clean energy methods, which contribute significantly to climate change and air pollution. Conversely, low-carbon electricity, which offers a more sustainable alternative, supplies over a fifth of the total electricity consumed. This includes nearly a tenth from wind energy and close to 7% coming from solar power. Meanwhile, hydropower and biofuels combined account for roughly 5% of the total consumption. Net imports also contribute close to 6%, highlighting the country's reliance on external sources to meet its electricity demands.
Is Electricity Growing in Senegal?
Electricity consumption in Senegal is experiencing gradual growth. In 2023, the per capita consumption reached 472 kWh, surpassing the previous record of 453 kWh/person set in 2022. This marks an increase of 20 kWh/person, indicating a positive trend in overall electricity use. However, the surge in clean energy usage has slightly receded, with low-carbon electricity generation witnessing a decrease from 99 kWh/person in 2022 to 97 kWh/person in 2023. Such a decline is concerning, as expanding low-carbon energy is vital for sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions.
Suggestions
To boost its low-carbon electricity generation, Senegal can draw inspiration from regions that have successfully integrated solar and wind power as well as nuclear energy into their energy mix. Denmark and Iowa serve as excellent examples, each generating more than half of their electricity from wind power. Similarly, regions like Nevada have excelled in maximizing solar power potential. On the nuclear front, countries like France and Slovakia have showcased the viability of nuclear electricity accounting for more than half of total generation. While Senegal has a good foundation with solar and wind, investing in nuclear energy could significantly bolster its clean energy portfolio.
History
In the early 2000s, Senegal saw modest hydroelectric developments, with increased generation by 0.2 TWh in 2002 and slight increments in subsequent years. In more recent times, particularly between 2017 and 2022, the country witnessed a noticeable rise in solar and wind capacities. Solar power, for instance, expanded incrementally with gains in 2017, 2019, and a further increase in 2021 and 2022. Wind energy followed a similar positive trajectory, showing steady growth since its initial addition in 2020. Such advancements mark a promising shift towards diversifying the nation's energy sources, emphasizing the need for continued and accelerated progress in embracing low-carbon technologies.
