Electricity in Mozambique in 2023

Mozambique has made commendable progress in generating electricity from low-carbon sources, deriving more than four-fifths of its electricity from these methods, predominantly via hydropower. In particular, hydropower alone accounts for nearly 83% of the electricity generation mix, showcasing the country's reliance on this sustainable energy source. Meanwhile, fossil fuels make up a little over one-sixth of Mozambique's electricity generation, with natural gas being the primary fossil source. Additionally, Mozambique's status as a significant net exporter of electricity not only supports its economy but also contributes to reducing emissions in neighboring countries. As the nation continues this forward momentum, a major upcoming challenge is the electrification of other vital sectors including transport, heating, and industry, which will naturally necessitate a robust expansion in electricity generation capacity.

Suggestions

To expand its low-carbon electricity generation, Mozambique can capitalize on an array of other clean energy sources to complement its already substantial hydropower capacity. Investment in solar and wind energy could provide significant additional capacity with technological advancements and installation cost reductions making these alternatives feasible. Moreover, exploring the establishment of nuclear facilities could ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply, mitigating any potential fluctuations from hydropower which is season-dependent. In leveraging these diverse low-carbon tools, Mozambique can solidify its path towards a more sustainable and secure energy future, reducing reliance on fossil fuels which are notorious for their contributions to climate change and air pollution.

History

Historically, electricity generation from low-carbon sources in Mozambique has largely fluctuated due to variations in hydropower output. In the early 1980s, hydropower generation saw significant changes, most notably with a large 9.7 TWh drop in 1981, though 1983 experienced a recovery with a 2 TWh increase. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, there were overall positive increases, demonstrating a rebound with steady gains such as 5.9 TWh in 1998 and consecutive yearly increases around 2 TWh thereafter. However, some setbacks did occur, as observed with declines like the 1.8 TWh drop in 2003, and minor fluctuations into the 2010s. Despite these variances, Mozambique's fiduciary commitment to developing its low-carbon sector remains evident, boasting upward trends in hydropower capacity in recent years.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources