In 2024, Canada's electricity consumption is notably green, with more than three-quarters of its electricity coming from low-carbon sources, demonstrating a strong commitment to clean energy. Hydropower alone contributes more than half of the total electricity, standing as the largest clean source. Nuclear energy generates almost 14%, while wind and solar contribute modestly, with around 7% and a little over 1%, respectively. In contrast, fossil energy accounts for about a fifth of the total electricity, with gas being the primary fossil source at nearly 16%, followed by coal at slightly over 4%. Biofuels make up a small portion, close to 2%, reflecting a diverse yet predominantly clean electricity landscape.
Is Electricity Growing in Canada?
Currently, electricity consumption in Canada indicates a decline compared to past records, both overall and in low-carbon share. The latest figure of 15834 kWh/person is significantly lower than the 2000 record of 19607 kWh/person, marking a decline of 3774 kWh/person. Likewise, low-carbon electricity generation, at 12552 kWh/person, has decreased since its peak in 1996 at 15263 kWh/person, a reduction of 2711 kWh/person. This downward trend might hinder Canada's ability to meet future demands as electrification and technology advancements accelerate. Ensuring a robust increase in clean electricity generation is crucial for sustainable growth and environmental stewardship.
Suggestions
To foster low-carbon electricity growth, Canada could benefit from expanding its existing nuclear infrastructure, given nuclear energy's proven capacity to deliver substantial low-carbon electricity. Learning from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power dominates at over 60%, could provide valuable insights. Additionally, solar energy, despite its currently modest contribution, holds potential for expansion, as evidenced by countries like Lebanon, where solar contributes over 30% of electricity. By leveraging nuclear and solar advancements, Canada can strengthen its leadership in clean energy and meet future demands.
History
Historically, Canada's commitment to low-carbon electricity has fluctuated significantly. In the late 1970s and 1980s, hydropower experienced substantial annual growth, particularly in the early 1980s with increases of 15 to 20 TWh. The 1990s saw a surge in nuclear electricity, especially in the mid-90s with increases over 13 TWh for two consecutive years. However, the early 2000s witnessed significant setbacks with hydro declines in 2001 and 2010, despite occasional recoveries. The recent early 2020s have continued this trend of volatility with notable recent hydro losses, underscoring the need for a stable, expanded nuclear sector to ensure reliable clean electricity in the future.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.