0% of global electricity is generated from Geothermal

Geothermal energy harnesses the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface to produce electricity and provide heating. This form of energy taps into naturally occurring subsurface heat from the Earth's core, which can be accessed more efficiently in regions with volcanic activity, hot springs, and tectonic activity. By utilizing underground reservoirs of hot water and steam, geothermal energy offers a sustainable solution to electricity generation that contributes significantly to reducing carbon emissions. As a stable and abundant source of energy, it plays a vital role in the diversification of the global energy mix for improving energy security.

To generate electricity from geothermal energy, heat from the Earth's interior is used to produce steam. This steam drives turbines connected to electricity generators. There are three main types of geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. In dry steam plants, steam directly from a geothermal reservoir is used, whereas flash steam plants convert hot water into steam by reducing pressure. Binary cycle plants, on the other hand, transfer heat from geothermal water to another liquid that boils at a lower temperature. This versatility in technology allows for the efficient utilization of geothermal resources in various geographic settings.

A key advantage of geothermal energy is its low carbon intensity of just 38 gCO2eq/kWh, which positions it among the cleanest forms of electricity generation alongside wind, nuclear, and solar. These sources collectively offer a formidable solution to decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, whose carbon intensities range from 490 to 820 gCO2eq/kWh. By utilizing low-carbon energy sources, we can address the pressing issues of climate change and air pollution, ensuring healthier and more sustainable communities globally.

Geothermal energy currently accounts for about 0.46% of global electricity consumption, yet its impact is more profound in certain regions. For instance, Iceland generates a striking 28% of its electricity from geothermal sources due to its volcanic activity, which provides abundant geothermal reserves. Similarly, New Zealand taps into geothermal energy for 21% of its electricity needs, while countries like Costa Rica, Nevada, and California produce 11%, 8%, and 4% of their electricity, respectively, using geothermal power. This regional focus demonstrates how geothermal energy can provide country-specific solutions for clean energy.

The combination of geothermal, wind, nuclear, and solar energy is pivotal as nations strive to meet increasing electricity demands driven by electrification processes and the rise of technologies such as artificial intelligence. As we expand our energy systems, the growth of these low-carbon technologies will be crucial to transitioning towards a cleaner, more sustainable future. By building on the successes of countries that have embraced geothermal energy, and strongly advocating an expansion in nuclear and solar capacity, we can work towards a more resilient and reliable energy infrastructure that prioritizes environmental well-being and energy security.