14% of global electricity is generated from Hydropower

Hydroelectric power, commonly referred to as hydro, is a renewable energy source that leverages the natural water cycle and the potential energy stored in water at elevation. By utilizing the flow of water from a height, typically from a dam, this form of energy generates mechanical energy that can be converted into electricity. As one of the most established and widely used forms of sustainable energy, hydroelectric power plays a critical role in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating the negative impacts associated with carbon emissions.

The process of generating electricity from hydro involves channeling water through turbines, which are connected to generators. As water flows over the turbines, it causes them to spin, converting the mechanical energy of moving water into electrical energy through the generators. This method is highly efficient, as it continuously harnesses the inexhaustible power of flowing water, usually with minimal evaporation losses compared to the water used. The infrastructure can vary in size, from large dams, like those seen in regions with abundant water resources, to smaller run-of-the-river plants that minimize ecological disruption. Once set up, hydroelectric systems offer a consistent and reliable energy supply.

One of the primary advantages of hydroelectric power is its low carbon intensity, averaging around 24 gCO2eq/kWh. This figure demonstrates that hydro is significantly cleaner compared to fossil fuel sources like coal, which emits 820 gCO2eq/kWh, gas at 490 gCO2eq/kWh, and oil at 650 gCO2eq/kWh. By contrast, other low-carbon energy sources such as wind and nuclear have carbon intensities of 11 gCO2eq/kWh and 12 gCO2eq/kWh, respectively. All these low-carbon options present viable pathways to reducing our carbon footprint and combating climate change.

Hydroelectricity also plays a substantial role in the global energy mix, contributing to about 14% of all electricity consumed worldwide. Its prominence is even more pronounced in certain countries where favorable geographic conditions allow for extensive hydropower exploitation. For example, Bhutan generates 93% of its electricity from hydro, while Norway produces 90%, Iceland 73%, Canada more than half, and Montana around a third. These examples showcase the varied yet significant capacity of hydroelectric power to meet electricity demands in different regions, contributing to energy independence and sustainability.

The potential for further development of low-carbon energy sources, including solar and nuclear, is immense, and they should be considered on par with expanding hydroelectric power. As cities continue their push towards electrification, the need for reliable, clean energy sources is essential. By expanding our use of inflammation-free energy solutions such as nuclear and solar, and maximizing the output from existing hydroelectric plants, we can effectively address the increasing global demand for electricity while safeguarding the environment for future generations.