14% of global electricity is generated from Hydropower

Hydropower, often simply referred to as hydro, harnesses the energy of moving water to generate electricity. It is a well-established and widely used form of clean energy that plays a significant role in the global electricity mix. By utilizing the kinetic energy in flowing or falling water, hydroelectric power systems are able to convert this energy into usable electrical power. This makes hydro one of the prominent low-carbon solutions in addressing global energy needs, providing a sustainable and renewable source of electricity that supports environmental goals worldwide.

The basics of hydroelectric power generation involve using a dam or diversion structure to control water flow. Water held in a reservoir is released through turbines, which spin at high speeds, converting the kinetic energy of the flowing water into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then transformed into electricity through the use of generators. The process is efficient and reliable, allowing for a consistent supply of electricity with low operational emissions compared to fossil fuel-based power plants.

One significant advantage of hydroelectric power is its remarkably low carbon intensity, which is about 24 gCO2eq/kWh. This is considerably lower than that of fossil fuels, such as coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) and gas (490 gCO2eq/kWh), highlighting hydro's critical role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, other low-carbon energy sources like wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh) also offer remarkable advantages over traditional fossil fuels, representing vital components of a cleaner energy future.

Globally, hydroelectric power generates around 14% of the world's electricity consumption, underscoring its significant contribution to the global energy mix. Certain countries showcase even more significant reliance on hydro as a clean energy source. For instance, in Iceland, close to three-quarters of electricity used comes from hydropower. Norway is another exemplar, with 90% of its electricity powered by hydro, showcasing the potential of this clean energy source in complementing other low-carbon technologies.

In countries like Bhutan, hydroelectrically generated electricity constitutes an impressive 93% of total electricity consumption, while in Canada, more than half of the electricity is derived from water power. Even in specific regions, such as Washington State in the USA, hydro makes up 62% of the local electricity supply. These examples illustrate how hydro can serve diverse locales with varying geographies and climates, supporting regional strategies for sustainable energy and providing a blueprint for others to follow.

The versatility and reliability of hydropower contribute to its strength as a clean energy source. In tandem with other low-carbon technologies like wind, nuclear, and solar, hydropower is essential for advancing towards global energy systems that are environmentally sustainable and resilient. Promoting the broader adoption of low-carbon electricity sources, including the expansion of solar and especially nuclear, is critical for decarbonizing the electricity sector, preserving air quality, and minimizing climate change impacts.