59% of global electricity is generated from Fossil

Fossil energy sources, which primarily include coal, oil, and natural gas, have been the bedrock of global electricity generation for decades. As non-renewable resources formed from the remains of ancient organisms, fossil fuels are rich in carbon and hydrocarbons, making them highly efficient for energy production. These energy sources play a pivotal role on the global stage, currently supplying more than half of the world's electricity. Many countries, especially those rich in fossil fuel reserves, such as Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Brunei, rely almost entirely on these sources for their electricity needs. This widespread dependence underscores the significant role fossil energy has played in propelling electricity generation up to this point.

To generate electricity from these fossil fuels, power plants use processes like combustion, where coal, oil, or natural gas is burned in a furnace to heat up water in a boiler. The heat turns the water into steam, which then drives a turbine connected to an electricity generator. This mechanical flow is converted into electricity, which is distributed for public and industrial consumption. Although this method is efficient in terms of energy output, it comes with high carbon emissions, contributing significantly to global warming and air pollution. For instance, coal produces around 820 gCO2eq/kWh, while oil and gas generate approximately 650 and 490 gCO2eq/kWh, respectively. These figures highlight the necessity to transition towards cleaner energy alternatives to achieve sustainable development.

One of the primary advantages of low-carbon energy technologies such as wind, nuclear, and solar is their minimal carbon footprint compared to fossil fuels. Wind power, for instance, boasts a remarkably low carbon intensity of about 11 gCO2eq/kWh, while solar energy generates around 45 gCO2eq/kWh. Nuclear energy is particularly impressive, with a carbon intensity of just 12 gCO2eq/kWh, making it one of the cleanest forms of electricity generation. These low-carbon options are vital for reducing the carbon emissions associated with electricity production, a crucial step in combating climate change and ensuring cleaner air.

Moreover, embracing low-carbon technologies aids in diversifying energy sources, reducing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels. While fossil fuels currently dominate electricity generation in many regions, the global shift towards solar and nuclear power can lead to more sustainable energy systems. This transition is essential for countries seeking to secure a stable and environmentally responsible electricity supply. Low-carbon technologies also provide the promise of energy security and sustainable development, benefitting both current and future generations.

Lastly, the widespread adoption and expansion of solar and nuclear energy are key drivers of innovation and economic growth. Investments in these clean energy sources stimulate technological advancement and create numerous job opportunities within the renewable energy sector. Consequently, countries that invest in solar and nuclear infrastructure not only reduce their carbon emissions but also reap economic benefits, making them leaders in the ongoing global energy transformation.