In 2023, Guinea's electricity consumption is characterized by a majority share of low-carbon energy sources. The country produces a total of about 4 TWh of electricity, with more than three-quarters coming from low-carbon sources such as hydropower, which accounts for the vast majority of the clean energy generation. Meanwhile, fossil fuels contribute a little over a quarter. With only 281 kWh per person, Guinea's electricity consumption is significantly below the global average of 3813 kWh per person. This low level of electricity generation can adversely impact the country’s economic growth and development, as inadequate power supply may restrain various sectors including healthcare, education, and industry.
Is Electricity Growing in Guinea?
The growth of electricity consumption in Guinea seems to have plateaued, as evidenced by a slight decline from a record high of 285 kWh per person in 2022 to 281 kWh per person in 2023. A similar trend is observed in low-carbon electricity generation, which also saw a marginal decrease from 212 kWh per person in 2022 to 210 kWh in 2023. These reductions, albeit small, indicate stagnation in an area that requires robust development. Such stagnation could hinder Guinea's ability to meet its growing energy demands and limit the potential for sustainable development and economic growth.
Suggestions
To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Guinea can learn from countries that have successfully expanded their clean energy sectors. China’s considerable investments in wind and solar energy, generating 992 TWh and 834 TWh, respectively, demonstrate the potential for such projects. Similarly, India's focus on solar, contributing 134 TWh to its grid, highlights the benefits of capitalizing on abundant sunlight – a natural resource that Guinea shares. By investing in solar power plants and considering nuclear energy development for long-term stability, Guinea could significantly boost its low-carbon electricity generation, contributing to sustainable growth and providing a reliable power supply for its population.
History
Looking back at the history of low-carbon electricity generation in Guinea, the country has seen various phases of growth primarily through hydropower development. In the early 1980s and late 1990s, Guinea experienced a steady albeit slow increase in hydropower generation with incremental upticks of around 0.1 TWh. Particularly noteworthy is the significant increase in 2021, where hydropower generation rose by 1.2 TWh, marking substantial growth. However, the years surrounding these peaks have also witnessed periods of stagnant or declining growth, indicating a lack of consistent investment in sustainable energy infrastructure. This historical pattern underscores the need for Guinea to develop a strategic, long-term approach to expanding its low-carbon energy capacity, ensuring a resilient and reliable electricity supply for the future.