Electricity in Norway in 2024

Norway has made remarkable strides in transforming its electricity sector into one of the cleanest in the world. As of 2024, more than 98% of electricity generated in the country comes from low-carbon sources. Hydropower is the backbone of this green electricity mix, contributing almost 89%. Wind power also plays a significant role, accounting for just over 9% of the electricity supply. Fossil fuel-based electricity generation is virtually negligible, at barely over 1%, with gas making this modest contribution. This impressive blend of low-carbon energy not only serves domestic needs but also allows Norway to be a net exporter of electricity, thereby assisting neighboring countries in reducing their emissions. With such a robust foundation, Norway’s next challenge is to electrify additional sectors like transport, heating, and industry, which will necessitate a significant increase in clean electricity generation.

Suggestions

To continue on this path of sustainability, Norway could focus on expanding its wind energy capacity, both onshore and offshore, due to its vast potential and the already favorable existing infrastructure. Investments in modernizing the grid should be prioritized, allowing it to accommodate higher volumes of intermittent wind power efficiently. Nuclear energy presents another excellent opportunity to diversify and stabilize the energy supply. By considering new nuclear projects or advancements in small modular reactors, Norway can ensure a reliable and constant supply of low-carbon electricity. Furthermore, solar energy, while currently less prevalent, could also be strategically incorporated to optimize energy production during periods when hydropower and wind generation might fluctuate.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity generation in Norway showcases decades of commitment to sustainable energy. During the 1980s and early 1990s, hydropower saw significant expansions, with noticeable increases in generation in 1981, 1983, and 1989. However, the late 1990s and early 2000s experienced variability, with large increases like in 2000 being offset by substantial decreases in 1991, 1996, and 2001, reflecting the challenges of hydrological dependencies. More recent trends demonstrate Norway's resilience and adaptability, particularly from 2005 onwards, with periods of increased hydroelectric generation, as seen in 2005 and 2012. Despite some decreases due to environmental factors like droughts, Norway’s commitment to maintaining a predominantly low-carbon electricity supply remains steadfast. This historical context underlines the need for diversifying beyond hydropower to ensure greater stability and security in green electricity supply.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources