Sweden has achieved an impressive milestone with more than 96% of its electricity derived from low-carbon sources. This accomplishment largely stems from its diverse mix of clean energy technologies, with hydropower, nuclear, and wind contributing to the majority of the supply. Hydropower leads the way, providing more than 43% of the electricity, followed by nuclear at nearly 27%, and wind at almost 25%. Solar energy, while a small component at about 1.5%, adds to the country's substantial low-carbon portfolio. Furthermore, Sweden's role as a significant net exporter of electricity supports less carbon-intensive power systems in neighboring regions and exemplifies Sweden's commitment to global sustainability. However, the pressing challenge now lies in further electrifying transportation, heating, and industries, which will heighten the demand for efficient and clean electricity.
Data sources used on this page include ENTSOE, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Sweden?
Despite Sweden's impressive use of low-carbon electricity, there has been a noticeable decline in both the total and low-carbon electricity consumption per person compared to historical levels. In 2025, the total electricity consumption stands at roughly 14,755 kWh per person annually, which marks a drop of more than 3,400 kWh from a previous high in 2001. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation has also decreased by over 3,200 kWh per person compared to its peak in 2001. These reductions signal a concerning trend, as sustained or increased electricity generation is crucial to meet future demands fueled by electrification and technological advancements such as AI.
Suggestions
To bolster Sweden's clean energy capacity, strategic expansions of key low-carbon technologies like nuclear and wind power are essential. Both these sectors already play significant roles in the country's energy landscape and have the potential for further growth. Nuclear power, with its reliable and consistent output, alongside the continued development and deployment of wind energy, could provide the additional electricity necessary to support the electrification of various economic sectors. Moreover, enhancing solar power's contribution could also prove beneficial. By focusing on these sustainable energy solutions, Sweden can further its position as a leader in low-carbon electricity generation and effectively meet the increasing energy demands of tomorrow.
History
Historically, Sweden has seen fluctuating trends in its low-carbon electricity generation, particularly in its reliance on nuclear and hydropower. The early 1980s saw significant increases in nuclear production. While the 1980s marked a rapid rise, the early 1990s witnessed both declines and gains in this sector, with a notable drop in 1992 followed by substantial recovery by 1994. However, nuclear generation saw another drastic decrease in 2000, countered by a quick recovery in 2001. The decade that followed was marked by periods of decline, particularly in 2009, with a severe reduction by 2020, which warrants serious attention. In contrast, hydropower exhibited a cyclical pattern with various ups and downs, such as the gains in the late 1990s and several significant decreases in the subsequent years. Despite these fluctuations, both sectors play crucial roles in sustaining Sweden's low-carbon electricity generation.
