In 2023, Mali's electricity consumption is characterized by more than half of its generation coming from fossil sources, specifically 2.5 TWh, indicating a reliance on fossil fuels. Low-carbon electricity, on the other hand, is close to 1.9 TWh, including almost all from hydropower at 1.64 TWh, while other low-carbon sources contribute a small fraction. The per capita electricity consumption in Mali is 193 kWh/person, which is dramatically lower than the global average of 3,649 kWh/person, pointing to a substantial gap in access to electricity. Such low levels of electricity generation and consumption are concerning as they can lead to limited economic growth and reduced quality of life, as well as restrict the ability to modernize infrastructures and education systems, impacting overall development.
Data sources used on this page include EIA and Ember. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Mali?
The status of electricity growth in Mali, indicated by the modest decline in total electricity use from a historic record of 200 kWh/person in 2022 to 193 kWh/person in 2023, suggests a worrying stagnation. Low-carbon electricity also reflects a similar trend, with recent figures dropping to 78 kWh/person from a record of 82 kWh/person in 2016. This negative change, though not large, emphasizes the need for Mali to reconsider its energy strategies to ensure progression and sustainability. Electing not to change could prevent Mali from keeping up with the rising demand for electricity due to development and technological advances.
Suggestions
A comprehensive strategy to expand low-carbon electricity generation in Mali could draw inspiration from countries successfully harnessing solar and nuclear energy. For instance, China’s vast solar energy production of 1,114 TWh and nuclear generation of 475 TWh demonstrate how scaling up these technologies can significantly contribute to a nation's electricity supply. Similarly, India’s robust solar and wind contributions underscore the potential for growth in these sectors. By investing in solar energy, which suits Mali's climate, and considering the introduction of nuclear power to provide continuous, sustainable energy, Mali can enhance its energy security and green credentials. Focusing on solar and nuclear could help Mali mitigate its current fossil fuel dependence and address electricity supply challenges.
History
Reflecting on the history of low-carbon electricity generation in Mali, from the early 2000s, there has been modest growth primarily through hydropower. Notable increments occurred in 2005 and 2016, each adding 0.4 TWh, though such increases were occasionally offset by subsequent declines. Solar energy, making a small entry in 2020, introduced 0.1 TWh, marking a necessary diversification despite modest beginnings. While declines like those in 2013 and 2015 are concerning, these fluctuations highlight the potential for growth if consistent investment and policy support are realized to boost capacity and efficiency, particularly in hydropower and new ventures like solar energy.
