In 2023, Samoa's electricity consumption reveals a mixed picture of energy sources. More than half of Samoa's electricity, 60%, comes from fossil fuels, which are known for contributing significantly to climate change and air pollution. In contrast, low-carbon electricity generation constitutes 40% of the mix, showcasing a promising commitment to cleaner energy. Notably, hydropower makes up a fifth of Samoa's electricity, while solar energy contributes more than 13% and biofuels add up to almost 7%. This distribution indicates a significant reliance on clean energy, with solar and hydro leading the charge in reducing carbon emissions.

Is Electricity Growing in Samoa?

However, the overall electricity consumption in Samoa is declining, which is concerning given the growing global need for electricity. In 2023, the total electricity consumption stood at 692 kWh per person, down significantly from the peak of 849 kWh per person in 2020, marking a decrease of 157 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity has also seen a decline, dropping from 374 kWh per person in 2021 to 277 kWh in 2023, a reduction of 97 kWh per person. This downward trend is troubling, particularly as the shift towards electrification and digital transformation highlights the need for increased, not decreased, electricity consumption—particularly from sustainable sources.

Suggestions

To accelerate low-carbon electricity generation, Samoa can focus on expanding solar power, building upon its already significant contribution, and draw inspiration from other regions' successful strategies. For example, California and Lebanon have made remarkable strides in solar power, generating 31% of their electricity from this clean source. Furthermore, Samoa can learn from Nevada's impressive solar contribution of 35%. In addition to scaling up solar, considering nuclear energy could be a game-changer. Countries such as France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy accounts for two-thirds of the electricity mix, demonstrate that nuclear offers a substantial and reliable source of low-carbon power. By following these examples and embracing a mix of solar and nuclear, Samoa could significantly enhance its clean energy capacity.

History

Historically, Samoa's low-carbon electricity generation has experienced gradual development. The early 2000s saw no change in hydroelectric output, indicating stable reliance on this clean energy source. It wasn't until later, in 2015, that solar energy began to feature in Samoa's energy profile. Subsequent years, including 2016 and 2021, again marked steady output with no significant change, suggesting a slow but consistent incorporation of solar technology. The absence of any declines in recent years highlights an opportunity to revitalize efforts, embracing a future marked by increased investment in sustainable energy solutions like solar and nuclear, to ensure cleaner and more robust electricity generation for years to come.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade