In Angola, electricity consumption is predominantly characterized by low-carbon energy, which makes up more than three-quarters of total electricity usage. The majority of this cleaner energy comes from hydropower, accounting for just shy of 74% of the overall consumption. Fossil energy, meanwhile, plays a significantly less prominent role, constituting just under a quarter of the country's electricity generation. Within this category, gas contributes over 9%. Although solar energy is present, it is still in its infancy, providing a little over 2% of the electricity. The emphasis on hydropower is commendable; however, the potential for further diversification into other clean energy sources remains ripe.
Is Electricity Growing in Angola?
On the question of electricity growth in Angola, current trends indicate a slight downturn in consumption. In 2023, the per capita electricity consumption was 488 kWh, marking a decrease from the previous high of 503 kWh per person seen in 2020. Additionally, low-carbon electricity generation has decreased marginally from a record 380 kWh per person in 2020 to 373 kWh in 2023. This decline of 14 kWh and 7 kWh respectively, in total and low-carbon electricity, is concerning. Sustained and increased effort is needed to reverse this downturn, ensuring long-term, sustainable electricity growth which is essential to support expanding industries and improving living standards.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation in Angola, a keen focus on solar and possibly nuclear energy, along with continued reliance on hydropower, would be highly beneficial. Looking at other regions, Lebanon's impressive 31% of electricity from solar signals great potential for solar development in sunny regions. Likewise, Europe's expertise in nuclear can offer valuable insights; countries such as France and Slovakia produce over 60% of their electricity from nuclear power. Emulating these successful regions can help Angola diversify its low-carbon portfolio, achieve higher levels of electricity independence, and bolster its commitment to combating climate change through cleaner, dependable energy sources.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Angola has predominantly been shaped by hydropower. From the early 2000s to the present, Angola has steadily increased its hydroelectric capabilities. Notably, between 2008 and 2020, there were several impactful increases, such as significant expansions in 2012, 2016, 2017, and the record-breaking addition in 2018. Despite setbacks like the 0.7 TWh decline in 2013, the general trend has been positive. More recently, the introduction of solar power in 2022 marks the beginning of a new chapter in diversifying Angola's clean electricity sources. By building on its hydro foundation and integrating more solar and potentially nuclear energy, Angola can continue to grow its low-carbon electricity capacity.