In 2023, Burundi's electricity consumption remains notably low, with just 36 kWh per person. This is a significant contrast to the global average, which stands at a substantial 3781 kWh per person. The country's electricity generation features a mix where over half still comes from low-carbon sources such as hydro and other non-fossil types, while the rest relies on fossil fuels. The limited electricity output compared to the global standard is worrying as it constrains access to essential services, economic growth, and the capacity to engage fully in technological advancements such as digitization and electrification, widening the inequality gap between Burundi and more electrified regions.
Is Electricity Growing in Burundi?
Assessing trends, however, shows a concerning picture of declining electricity generation in Burundi. Compared to 2019, when the highest recorded consumption was 40 kWh per person, the 2023 figures reflect a downturn by 4 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation has declined from its peak of 22 kWh per person in 2020 to just 20 kWh per person in 2023, marking a reduction of 2 kWh per person. These drops suggest a possible stagnation or even retrenchment in the development of the country's electricity infrastructure, particularly in low-carbon segments, which is disheartening given the pressing need to expand clean electricity in light of increasing climate concerns.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Burundi can look towards successful initiatives in other regions. For example, China's substantial commitment to solar and wind has resulted in massive outputs, 890 TWh and 1093 TWh respectively, showcasing the potential of these technologies. India also highlights the promise of solar power with 150 TWh generated. Although nuclear is not mentioned in Burundi's current electricity mix, countries like France and states such as Illinois demonstrate its significant role, generating 363 TWh and 99 TWh, respectively. By investing in solar technology inspired by countries such as China and India and exploring nuclear options, Burundi could substantially boost its low-carbon energy capacities, providing reliable and sustainable electricity for its people into the future.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity generation in Burundi suggests an extended period of stagnation. From the early 1990s through the 2010s, data shows no significant increases in production from sources like hydro and biofuels, maintaining a flat growth curve. Efforts to incorporate solar started in 2016, but progression appears minimal since then. The perseverance in using such technologies without marked enhancements points to missed opportunities for growing the country’s clean electricity profile. The continuous delay in deploying more advanced and diversified low-carbon sources like solar and potentially nuclear diminishes Burundi’s chances to meet both domestic needs and international sustainability goals.