In Myanmar, electricity generation is currently dominated by fossil fuels, making up more than half of the total electricity mix. Specifically, gas contributes the largest share, accounting for about 51%, while coal adds approximately another 10%. On the other hand, low-carbon or clean energy sources like hydropower, which represents nearly 38%, play a notable role, though not dominant. Biofuels contribute just over 1% to the low-carbon mix. There is a significant opportunity to shift to cleaner sources of energy as the environmental costs of fossil fuels, including climate change and air pollution, remain a pressing global concern.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Myanmar (Burma)?
Despite global efforts to ramp up clean energy, Myanmar's recent electricity consumption trends offer cause for reflection. The latest data indicates that electricity consumption per person has slightly declined from its 2023 peak of 475 kWh to 464 kWh, representing a decrease of about 10 kWh per person. Similarly, its low-carbon electricity generation also saw a reduction, declining from its 2018 peak of 270 kWh per person to 182 kWh. The decline of 88 kWh in low-carbon electricity per person underscores the need for strategic planning and investment in clean energy technologies to stimulate growth and sustainability.
Suggestions
For Myanmar to build on its potential in low-carbon electricity generation, learning from regions that have successfully scaled clean energy would be beneficial. For instance, countries like France and Slovakia have harnessed nuclear energy extensively, contributing 70% and 66% of their electricity generation respectively. Furthermore, states in the US, like Iowa and Denmark, excel in wind energy, with each securing close to 60% of their electricity from this source. Additionally, regions such as Nevada and Lebanon showcase solar energy's capability to produce over 30% of their electricity. Myanmar should consider adopting similar strategies, particularly in solar and nuclear energy, to bolster its own clean electricity generation and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
History
Historically, Myanmar's expansion into low-carbon electricity generation has seen various fluctuations, predominantly through hydropower. During the 2000s, the country experienced modest yet continual increases, with hydropower expansions seen nearly every other year. From 2011 to 2018, there was significant growth with occasional substantial surges, such as in 2011 and 2017. However, this progress halted in 2019 and 2020, as noted by marked decreases in hydropower production. Modest increases in subsequent years haven't reversed these declines entirely, highlighting the need for Myanmar to reinvigorate its commitment to expanding low-carbon sources for greater energy security and environmental sustainability.
