As of 2025, Serbia relies heavily on fossil fuels for its electricity generation, with more than 65% of electricity coming from these sources, and a significant portion, about 61%, originates from coal alone. Clean, low-carbon energy sources account for almost 29% of the country's electricity, with hydropower being the major contributor at approximately 24%. Other sources, such as wind, play a smaller role at nearly 4%. The country also relies on net imports for a bit more than 5% of its electricity. This composition highlights the dominance of fossil fuels in Serbia's energy mix, pointing to a challenging but essential shift towards more sustainable sources in the future.
Data sources used on this page include ENTSOE, Eurostat and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Serbia?
Electricity consumption in Serbia seems to be in a downward trend, with the 2025 figures showing a decline to 5375 kWh per person from a previous record of 5568 kWh in 2023. This decrease of 193 kWh per person indicates a worrisome reduction in electricity consumption overall. More disheartening is the drop in low-carbon electricity generation, which currently is 1531 kWh per person compared to 2113 kWh in 2023, showing a decline of 582 kWh per person in sustainable electricity generation. During a time when the world moves towards green energy, this trend is disappointing, and strategic measures need to be taken to revert these declines.
Suggestions
To bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, Serbia may take cues from various successful regions. Countries like France and Slovakia showcase robust nuclear programs that contribute significantly to their clean energy supply—with 70% and 66% of their electricity coming from nuclear, respectively. A commitment to expanding nuclear capabilities could similarly enhance Serbia’s energy landscape. Additionally, regions like Iowa (60%) and Denmark (59%) have strong wind energy sectors, further proving the viability of wind as a complementary low-carbon source. By investing in nuclear and wind technology, Serbia can not only reduce its reliance on fossil fuels but also move towards a more sustainable electricity grid.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Serbia, particularly through hydropower, has seen a series of fluctuations over the decades. In the 1990s, hydropower experienced both increases and decreases, characterized by years of growth such as in 1991 and declines like in 1993. The 2000s and 2010s followed a similar pattern, with notable dips in 2011 and again in the last few years, including a decline in 2025. These ups and downs highlight the need for diversification in Serbia's clean electricity portfolio. By fostering more stable sources such as solar and nuclear, Serbia can ensure a consistent and reliable supply of green electricity, aligning itself with global efforts to combat climate change and reduce air pollution from fossil fuels.
