California's electricity mix over the past year, from June 2024 to May 2025, demonstrates a strong commitment towards low-carbon energy sources, with more than half of its electricity coming from such sources. About 50% of California's electricity is generated from low-carbon options. Key contributors include solar power, which accounts for almost 20% of the electricity, nuclear energy that provides just over 7%, with wind, geothermal, and biofuels contributing around 10% combined. In contrast, 32% comes from fossil energy, with natural gas making up almost the entirety of that percentage. Net electricity imports, which may include both low-carbon and fossil sources, account for nearly 18% of California’s electricity supply. Hydropower also plays a significant role, contributing over 11%.
Is Electricity Growing in California?
Electricity consumption in California, as indicated by per capita usage, has experienced a decline compared to its peak in 2008. The consumption in 2025 stands at roughly 6,580 kWh per person, marking a notable decrease of 1,131 kWh from the 7,711 kWh per person recorded in 2008. However, on a more positive note, low-carbon electricity generation has seen a slight uptick. The low-carbon electricity generation reached 3,318 kWh per person in 2025, exceeding the previous record set in 2024 by 91 kWh. While overall electricity use has not yet returned to its peak levels, the incremental growth in clean energy is an encouraging sign for a sustainable future.
Suggestions
To further augment low-carbon electricity generation, California can expand its solar infrastructure due to its substantial existing solar capacity and favorable climate. Moreover, drawing inspiration from regions successfully harnessing similar sources can be beneficial. For instance, states like New Mexico and Oklahoma have achieved appreciable shares of close to 38% and 41% of their electricity from wind, respectively, showcasing the potential for increased wind energy incorporation. Additionally, countries such as France, where nuclear energy contributes 69% of the electricity mix, exemplify the potential for nuclear expansion contributing significantly to sustainable energy goals. By enhancing solar and considering nuclear expansion, California can continue strengthening its position as a leader in the clean energy transition.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity generation in California is marked by significant developments, particularly in solar and hydropower. In the mid-2000s, there was a substantial increase in hydroelectric power and nuclear energy, with 2005 seeing a notable rise from both sources. However, between 2007 to 2014, hydroelectric power faced inconsistencies with several periods of decline, while nuclear energy significantly decreased in 2012. Despite these challenges, solar energy made tremendous gains, particularly from 2014 to 2024, showing consistent annual growth, exemplified by substantial increases of around 4 to 6 TWh in key years. Meanwhile, hydropower experienced peaks in 2016, 2017, and 2023, reflecting fluctuating water availability due to varying climatic conditions. Through these fluctuations, it becomes clear that sustained investment and development in solar, and the exploration of more stable low-carbon sources like nuclear, are essential for reliable and sustainable electricity in the state.