In 2025, Massachusetts' electricity consumption reflects a strong dependence on net imports, making up more than half of its electricity sources at around 55%. Meanwhile, close to a third of the electricity, approximately 30%, is generated through fossil fuels like natural gas. On the clean energy front, low-carbon sources, including solar and biofuels, contribute just over 13% to the state's electricity consumption. Notably, solar energy is a prominent player among the low-carbon sources, generating about 11% of the electricity, with solar energy being split between behind-the-meter (BTM) contributions and utility-scale installations.

Data sources used on this page include EIA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Massachusetts?

The data shows an encouraging trend in electricity consumption in Massachusetts, as it has grown from previous years. In 2025, the total electricity consumption reached 8511 kWh per person, a noticeable increase from the 8064 kWh per person recorded in 2023. This rise of 447 kWh per person signifies a growing demand for electricity in the state, which aligns with the broader push for electrification and technological advancements. Additionally, the generation of low-carbon electricity has also seen an uptick, increasing by 67 kWh per person from 1076 kWh in 2023 to 1144 kWh in 2025. This is a positive development, but there is still significant potential for expanding clean energy to reduce the state's reliance on imported and fossil energy.

Suggestions

Massachusetts should focus on expanding its successful solar energy infrastructure to further increase its low-carbon electricity generation. Learning from regions like Nevada and California, where solar energy accounts for a substantial 34% and 31%, respectively, can provide valuable insights into scaling solar capacity even more efficiently. Moreover, Massachusetts can consider boosting nuclear energy, taking cues from neighboring states such as New Hampshire, where nuclear provides 55% of electricity. By bolstering investments in these clean and sustainable resources, Massachusetts can reduce its dependency on fossil fuels and imports, leading to a more stable and environmentally friendly electricity grid.

History

Historically, Massachusetts has seen mixed progress in its low-carbon electricity generation. In recent years, from 2024 to 2025, biofuels and hydro have experienced slight declines, with hydro decreasing by 0.4 TWh in 2024 and another reduction of 0.1 TWh in biofuels in 2025. Wind energy remained stagnant during these years, indicating a need for renewed commitment and strategic investments in low-carbon technologies. The stagnation and minor declines in these sectors highlight the critical need for deliberate and aggressive policies to expand clean electricity sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, fostering a sustainable and resilient energy system for Massachusetts.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade