In 2022, the electricity consumption in New Caledonia was primarily driven by fossil energy, which made up almost three-quarters of the total consumption, with coal contributing more than half of the fossil share. In comparison, low-carbon electricity sources contributed slightly more than a quarter to the overall electricity mix. Among low-carbon sources, hydropower was the predominant provider, forming around two-thirds of the low-carbon electricity, followed by solar power which contributed nearly a third of low-carbon output, and wind power which generated close to none. This shows a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, with clean energy sources having significant room for growth in the region's energy mix.
Is Electricity Growing in New Caledonia?
Electricity consumption in New Caledonia has seen a downturn when looked at through a historical lens. In 2022, the total electricity consumption per person was around 10,763 kWh, which marked a decline of approximately 1,582 kWh compared to the peak in 2018. Despite the overall decline, there has been some progress in low-carbon electricity generation, which increased by a notable 542 kWh per person compared to the previous record in 2021. This indicates a positive trend towards embracing cleaner sources, but given the decrease in overall consumption, there is a concerning need for more energy growth to meet the future demands of electrification.
Suggestions
To bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, New Caledonia can look towards successful regions for inspiration. An increased focus on solar power, as observed in regions like Nevada and Chile, where solar contributes 29% and 23% respectively, could significantly benefit New Caledonia's green energy ambitions. Furthermore, nuclear energy presents a promising opportunity for substantial clean electricity growth, drawing lessons from France and Slovakia, where nuclear power plays a predominant role in the electricity mix. By following in the footsteps of these regions, New Caledonia can strategically expand its clean energy infrastructure, reducing its dependency on fossil fuels and contributing to a more sustainable future.
History
Looking at the historical data of low-carbon electricity in New Caledonia, the early 2000s saw a few fluctuations in hydropower generation, with occasional small increases followed by corresponding decreases. From 2019 onwards, there is a noticeable shift as solar energy starts contributing positively to the electricity mix, with consistent small additions up until 2022. Hydropower also saw renewed, albeit small, growth in the same period. These developments highlight an emerging drive towards diversifying clean electricity sources, though the scope for impactful advancements is substantial. Through consistent support and commitment, New Caledonia can build on these changes to foster a more robust low-carbon electricity framework.