In 2023, Rwanda's electricity consumption remains quite low compared to global standards, amounting to just 77 kWh per person. This figure is a stark comparison to the global average of 3,649 kWh per person. Of Rwanda's total electricity consumption, low-carbon sources contribute approximately 43 kWh per person, reflecting the country's reliance on clean energy, which forms more than half of their electricity makeup. However, the low level of electricity consumption overall can hinder social and economic development, impede advancements in technology, and restrict improvements in quality of life. Expanding electricity generation, particularly from low-carbon sources, is essential for addressing these challenges and ensuring sustainable growth without contributing to climate change.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and Enerdata. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Rwanda?
Examining Rwanda's electricity growth, the data indicates a stagnant trend that might signal concern. In 2023, electricity consumption per person saw no increase from the previous year's record of 78 kWh per person, remaining at 77 kWh. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation, which peaked at 44 kWh per person in 2021, declined modestly to 43 kWh in 2023. This stagnation is worrying, especially considering the growing demand driven by population growth, economic development, and technological advancements. For Rwanda to meet these demands sustainably, there is a clear need for a proactive strategy to boost both the quantity and proportion of low-carbon electricity generation.
Suggestions
Rwanda can draw lessons from other successful regions to enhance their low-carbon electricity generation. For instance, countries like India and Brazil have harnessed solar and wind energy effectively; Rwanda could similarly focus on expanding its solar energy capacity, given its ideal geographic location with abundant sunlight. Furthermore, countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Japan demonstrate the potential of nuclear energy as a reliable clean energy source, emphasizing that a diversified energy mix including solar and nuclear could significantly bolster Rwanda's clean electricity supply. By investing in these technologies, Rwanda could not only meet its current energy demands but also lay the groundwork for sustainable growth in the future.
History
Looking at the history of Rwanda's low-carbon electricity, hydroelectric power has been the predominant source. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the country saw minor fluctuations in hydroelectric generation, but these shifts were modest and quickly stabilized. By the early 21st century, changes in hydroelectric output were virtually nonexistent, indicating a period of consolidation without growth. From 2014 onwards, however, there was a perceptible, albeit slow, increase in hydroelectric generation that persisted into the early 2020s. Although hydroelectric power provides a foundation for Rwanda's clean energy, diversifying with other low-carbon sources, particularly solar and nuclear, could accelerate progress and better ensure energy security in the face of growing demands. With an understanding of this history, Rwanda is well-positioned to make the strategic investments required for a greener and more sustainable electricity future.
