As of 2025, electricity consumption in Luxembourg is predominantly reliant on net imports, which account for more than half of the total electricity consumed at roughly 63%. This highlights a significant dependence on external energy sources. Low-carbon energy accounts for about one-third of the total consumption at around 35%. This is comprised primarily of hydropower at approximately 14%, wind power at roughly 9%, and solar energy close to 8%. Biofuels make up a small portion, tallying to over 4%. Regrettably, fossil energy sources, particularly gas, contribute to slightly more than 2% of the electricity supply, emphasizing a need for further reduction to confront climate change and reduce air pollution.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, ENTSOE, Eurostat, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Luxembourg?
There has been a noticeable decline in electricity consumption in Luxembourg, reflecting a broader trend of reduced energy use. The current consumption stands at 8045 kWh per person, which is significantly lower compared to the record set in 2010 of 17048 kWh/person, demonstrating a sharp decrease by 9003 kWh per person. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity has decreased since 2024, with the latest figures showing 2797 kWh per person, a reduction of 1064 kWh/person from the previous year's record. This decrease in both total and low-carbon electricity generation is cause for concern, considering the increasing demands for clean electricity to power future growth and technological advancements.
Suggestions
To address the shortfall in low-carbon electricity generation, Luxembourg can draw lessons from other regions that have successfully harnessed clean energy sources. France and Slovakia, for instance, generate substantial shares of electricity through nuclear energy, utilizing over 60% from this source. Incorporating nuclear energy could significantly bolster Luxembourg’s low-carbon electricity capabilities. On the solar front, North Macedonia and California have made considerable strides with about 49% and 31% of their electricity generated through solar, respectively. Luxembourg could emulate these approaches, boosting both nuclear and solar capacities to meet future energy needs sustainably, reducing its dependency on imports and fossil fuels.
History
Looking back at Luxembourg's history of low-carbon electricity production, the country has seen fluctuations in its hydropower generation over the years. The 1990s witnessed modest increases and occasional declines, with significant activities noted in 1990 and a few modest improvements in following years. The early 2000s registered slight gains, though the waning years of the decade experienced some declines. In recent years, there have been advances in wind and solar energy, particularly in 2017 and 2023 with small but promising increases. However, the significant decrease in hydropower in 2025 is troubling, underscoring a need for more stable and diversified low-carbon solutions, including the strategic incorporation of nuclear and solar capacities.
